selenium定位方式

# 元素属性定位（3种）
driver.find_element_by_id(‘id’) 
driver.find_element_by_name(name)
driver.find_element_by_class_name(class_name)
# 超链接定位（2种）
driver.find_element_by_link_text(link_text)
driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text(partial_link_text)
# 元素标签，元素路径，CSS选择器
driver.find_element_by_tag_name(tag_name)
driver.find_element_by_xpath(xpath)
driver.find_element_by_css_selector(css_selector)

但我们看下源码： D:Program FilesPython27Libsite-packagesseleniumwebdriver emotewebdriver.py 可以看到，上面那些定位方式，实际上都是调用的driver.find_element(by, value) 我们继续看下find_element()的源码，大部分方法最终全是通过By.CSS_SELECTOR来实现的查找

那By又都有哪些条件呢？

D:Program FilesPython27Libsite-packagesseleniumwebdrivercommony.py 继续看源码，可以看到下面8种 ID = “id” XPATH = “xpath” LINK_TEXT = “link text” PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT = “partial link text” NAME = “name” TAG_NAME = “tag name” CLASS_NAME = “class name” CSS_SELECTOR = “css selector”

所以我们以后就都只用find_element()就好了，因为最终实际上也都是调用的这个方法。 简单封装一下，以后就记住find_element()一个方法即可。

from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from appium import webdriver

class BasePage(object):
    def split_locator(self, locator):
        """
        分解定位表达式，如css,.username,拆分后返回css selector和定位表达式.username(class为username的元素)
        :param locator: 定位方法+定位表达式组合字符串，如css,.username
        :return: locator_dict[by], value:返回定位方式和定位表达式
        """
        by = locator.split(,)[0]
        value = locator.split(,)[1]
        locator_dict = {
          
   
            id: id,
            name: name,
            class: class name,
            tag: tag name,
            link: link text,
            plink: partial link text,
            xpath: xpath,
            css: css selector,
        }
        if by not in locator_dict.keys():
            raise NameError("wrong locator!id,name,class,tag,link,plink,xpath,css,exp:id,username")
        return locator_dict[by], value


    def wait_element(self, locator, sec=30):
        """
        等待元素出现
        :param locator: 定位方法+定位表达式组合字符串，用逗号分隔，如css,.username
        :param sec:等待秒数
        """
        by, value = self.split_locator(locator)
        try:
            WebDriverWait(self.driver, sec, 1).until(lambda x: x.find_element(by=by, value=value),message=element not found!!!)
            log.info(u等待元素：%s % locator)
        return True
        except TimeoutException:
            return False
        except Exception, e:
            raise e

    
    def get_element(self, locator, sec=60):
        """
        获取一个元素
        :param locator: 定位方法+定位表达式组合字符串，用逗号分隔，如css,.username
        :param sec:等待秒数
        :return: 元素可找到返回element对象，否则返回False
        """
        if self.wait_element(locator, sec):
            by, value = self.split_locator(locator)
            try:
                element = self.driver.find_element(by=by, value=value)
                log.info(u获取元素：%s % locator)
                return element
            except Exception, e:
                raise e
        else:
            return False

    def get_elements(self, locator):
        """
        获取一组元素
        :param locator: 定位方法+定位表达式组合字符串，用逗号分隔，如css,.username
        :return: elements
        """
        by, value = self.split_locator(locator)
        try:
            elements = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 60, 1).until(lambda x: x.find_elements(by=by, value=value))
            log.info(u获取元素列表：%s % locator)
            return elements
        except Exception, e:
            raise e

以后调用，先定义元素botton，在用例中查找时，调用方法即可

botton="id,su"
get_element(botton)   # 页面上id为su的元素