C++ Primer第五版_第九章习题答案(51~52)
练习9.51
设计一个类,它有三个unsigned成员,分别表示年、月和日。为其编写构造函数,接受一个表示日期的string参数。你的构造函数应该能处理不同的数据格式,如January 1,1900、1/1/1990、Jan 1 1900 等。
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
class date
{
private:
unsigned year, month, day;
public:
date(const string& s)
{
if (s.find_first_of("/") != string::npos)
convert1(s);
else if (s.find_first_of(",") != string::npos)
convert2(s);
else if (s.find_first_of(" ") != string::npos)
convert3(s);
else
year = 1900, month = 1, day = 1;
}
void print()
{
cout << "day:" << day << " " << "month: " << month << " " << "year: " << year << endl;
}
private:
void convert1(const string& s)
{
day = stoi(s.substr(0, s.find_first_of("/")));
month = stoi(s.substr(s.find_first_of("/") + 1, s.find_last_of("/") - s.find_first_of("/")));
year = stoi(s.substr(s.find_last_of("/") + 1, 4));
}
void convert2(const string& s)
{
convert_month(s);
day = stoi(s.substr(s.find_first_of("123456789"), s.find_first_of(",") - s.find_first_of("123456789")));
year = stoi(s.substr(s.find_last_of(,) + 1, 4));
}
void convert3(const string& s)
{
convert_month(s);
day = stoi(s.substr(s.find_first_of("123456789"), s.find_first_of(" ") - s.find_first_of("123456789")));
year = stoi(s.substr(s.find_last_of( ) + 1, 4));
}
void convert_month(const string& s)
{
if (s.find("Jan") < s.size()) month = 1;
if (s.find("Feb") < s.size()) month = 2;
if (s.find("Mar") < s.size()) month = 3;
if (s.find("Apr") < s.size()) month = 4;
if (s.find("May") < s.size()) month = 5;
if (s.find("Jun") < s.size()) month = 6;
if (s.find("Jul") < s.size()) month = 7;
if (s.find("Aug") < s.size()) month = 8;
if (s.find("Sep") < s.size()) month = 9;
if (s.find("Oct") < s.size()) month = 10;
if (s.find("Nov") < s.size()) month = 11;
if (s.find("Dec") < s.size()) month = 12;
}
};
int main()
{
date d1("9/5/1990");
date d2("January 7,1970");
date d3("Jan 11 1942");
d1.print();
d2.print();
d3.print();
return 0;
}
练习9.52
使用stack处理括号化的表达式。当你看到一个左括号,将其记录下来。当你在一个左括号之后看到一个右括号,从stack中pop对象,直至遇到左括号,将左括号也一起弹出栈。然后将一个值(括号内的运算结果)push到栈中,表示一个括号化的(子)表达式已经处理完毕,被其运算结果所替代。
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <stack>
#include <cctype>
using namespace std;
string calc(string l, string r, string op)
{
string s;
if (op == "-")
s = to_string(stoi(l) - stoi(r));
return s;
}
int main()
{
string s("1+2*(7-4)");
stack<string> stack;
for (auto iter = s.begin(); iter != s.end();)
{
if (*iter == ()
{
stack.push(string(1, *iter));
++iter;
while (*iter != ))
{
stack.push(string(1, *iter));
++iter;
}
}
else if (*iter == ))
{
string r = stack.top(); stack.pop();
string op = stack.top(); stack.pop();
string l = stack.top(); stack.pop();
stack.pop(); // ( 弹出
stack.push(calc(l, r, op));
++iter;
}
else
{
++iter;
}
}
while (!stack.empty())
{
cout << stack.top() << endl;
stack.pop();
}
return 0;
}
这道题可以延伸为逆波兰求值,以及中缀转后缀表达式。
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