Pyenv与Virtualenv

Pyenv 是对Python版本进行管理，可实现不同版本的管理的切换和使用，通过改变shell环境变量来切换不同的Python版本，安装Pyenv后会在系统PATH前面加入shims的路径，每次执行Python相关命令时先在shims里面寻找Python路径，系统选择版本，确认版本文件的位置和版本后，Pyenv会根据版本号在~/.pyenv/versions目录下查找对用的Python版本；Virtualenv 通过创建虚拟环境，实现系统环境以及其他Python环境的隔离，通过虚拟目录的形式实现多环境的并存，工作原理，在需要的地方创建工作目录，该目录类似系统安装的Python目录，目录下面包含完整的Python环境、解析器、标准库和第三方库，但需要使用时直接激活即可

Pyenv部署与使用

Pyenv部署

git clone https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv.git ~/.pyenv
echo export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv" >> ~/.bashrc
echo export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH" >> ~/.bashrc
echo eval "$(pyenv init -)" >> ~/.bashrc
source  ~/.bashrc

Pyenv使用

Usage: pyenv <command> [<args>]

Some useful pyenv commands are:
   commands    List all available pyenv commands
   exec        Run an executable with the selected Python version
   global      Set or show the global Python version(s)
   help        Display help for a command
   hooks       List hook scripts for a given pyenv command
   init        Configure the shell environment for pyenv
   install     Install a Python version using python-build
   local       Set or show the local application-specific Python version(s)
   prefix      Display prefixes for Python versions
   rehash      Rehash pyenv shims (run this after installing executables)
   root        Display the root directory where versions and shims are kept
   shell       Set or show the shell-specific Python version
   shims       List existing pyenv shims
   uninstall   Uninstall a specific Python version
   version     Show the current Python version(s) and its origin
   --version   Display the version of pyenv
   version-file   Detect the file that sets the current pyenv version
   version-name   Show the current Python version
   version-origin   Explain how the current Python version is set
   versions    List all Python versions available to pyenv
   whence      List all Python versions that contain the given executable
   which       Display the full path to an executable

See `pyenv help <command> for information on a specific command.
For full documentation, see: https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv#readme

Virtualenv部署与使用

Virtualenv部署

pip insatll virtualenv

Virtualenv使用

# 查看用法
virtualenv --help
# 创建虚拟工作目录
virtualenv /data/testVirtualenv
# 激活
source /data/testVirtualenv/bin/active
# 退出虚拟环境
deactivate